John The Fearless Duke Of BURGUNDY

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Count of Flanders
• Fact: Duke of Burgundy

Notes:

Duke John I aka Jean de Valois and Jean de Bourgogne (May 28, 1371, Dijon ? September 10, 1419, on the bridge of Montereau), also known as the Fearless (French: sans peur) was Duke of Burgundy from 1404 to 1419. John was the son of Philip II, the Bold and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders. As heir apparent, he used the title of Count of Nevers from 1384 to 1405, when after his accession he ceded it to his brother Philip
In 1385, John married Margaret of Bavaria, daughter of Albrecht of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Hainaut, to consolidate his position in the Low Countries, after cancelling his engagement with Catherine of Valois, daughter of king Charles V of France. They had the following children:

Catherine (1391?1414, Ghent)
Marie (1393 ? October 30, 1463, Monterberg bei Kalkar). She married Adolph I, Duke of Cleves. They were the great-grandparents of Johann III, Duke of Cleves, father of Anne of Cleves who was fourth Queen consort of Henry VIII of England.
Marguerite, duchess of Guyenne (1394 ? February 2, 1441, Paris), married on August 30, 1404 Louis of Valois the Dauphin (heir of king Charles VI of France), then on October 10, 1422 Arthur de Richemont, the future Duke of Brittany
Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (1396?1467)
Isabelle (d. September 18, 1412, Rouvre), married at Arras on July 22, 1406 to Olivier de Ch‚tillon-Blois, Count of PenthiËvre and PÈrigord
Jeanne (b. 1399, Bouvres), d. young
Anne of Burgundy (1404 ? November 14, 1432, Paris), married John, Duke of Bedford
Agnes of Burgundy (1407 ? December 1, 1476, Ch‚teau de Moulins), married Charles I, Duke of Bourbon
John also had several illegitimate children.

Before his accession to the Duchy, John was one of the principal leaders of the French forces sent to aid King Sigismund of Hungary in his war against Sultan Bayezid I. John fought in the battle of Nicopolis (September 25, 1396) with such enthusiasm and bravery that he was given the nickname of Fearless (Sans-Peur). Nevertheless he was taken prisoner and released only in the next year, against an enormous ransom paid by his father.

[edit] John vs OrlÈans
John was invested as duke of Burgundy in 1404 and almost immediately entered into open conflict against Louis of OrlÈans, younger brother of the increasingly mad Charles VI. Both men attempted to fill the power vacuum left by the demented king.

John played a game of marriages, exchanging his daughter Marguerite for Michelle of Valois, who would marry his heir Philip III. He did not overlook, however, the importance of the middle class of merchants and tradesman or the University of Paris.

Louis tried to gain the favor of Queen Isabella, and may have become her lover. After a game of hide and seek in which his son-in-law, the Dauphin, was successively kidnapped and recovered by both parties, the Duke of Burgundy managed to gain appointment by royal decree ? during one of the King's "absent" periods when mental illness manifested itself ? as guardian of the Dauphin and the king's children. This did not improve the relations between John and Louis.

Soon the two rivals descended into making open threats. Their uncle, John, Duke of Berry, secured a vow of solemn reconciliation, but three days later, on November 23, 1407 Louis was brutally assassinated in the streets of Paris. He was attacked after mounting his horse by a party of men who literally amputated his arms so that he was defenseless. The order, no one doubted, had come from the Duke of Burgundy, who shortly admitted to the deed and declared it to be a justifiable act of "tyrannicide". After an escape from Paris and a few skirmishes against the OrlÈans party, John managed to recover the king's favour. In the treaty of Chartres, signed on March 9, 1409, the king absolved the Duke of Burgundy of the crime, and he and Louis's son Charles pledged a reconciliation. A later edict renewed John's guardianship of the Dauphin.

[edit] John vs Armagnac
Even with the OrlÈans dispute resolved to his favour, John would not have an easy life. Charles of OrlÈans gathered allies, among them Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, to support his claims for the property that had been confiscated from him. Peace was solemnly sworn in 1410, and John returned to Burgundy, and Bernard remained in Paris and reportedly shared the queen's bed. Armagnac's party was not contented with political power, and, after a series of riots and attacks against the citizens, John was recalled to the capital. However, he was sent back to Burgundy in 1413.

At this time king Henry V of England invaded French territory and threatened to attack Paris. John participated in the peace negotiations, but with dubious intent. Although he talked of helping his sovereign, his troops took no part in the Battle of Agincourt (in 1415), where two of his brothers, Antoine, Duke of Brabant, and Philip II, Count of Nevers, died fighting for France.

Assassination of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, on the Bridge of Montereau, in 1419. ? facsimile of a miniature in the "Chronicles" of Monstrelet, manuscript of the fifteenth century, in the Library of the Arsenal of Paris.
[edit] John vs the Dauphin
Two years later, John's troops set about the task of gaining Paris. On May 30, 1418, he captured the city, but not before the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France, had escaped. John then installed himself in the city and made himself protector of the King. Although not an open ally of the English, John did nothing to prevent the surrender of Rouen in 1419. With the whole of northern France in English hands and Paris occupied by Burgundy, the Dauphin tried to bring about a reconciliation with John. They met in July and swore peace on the bridge of Pouilly, near Melun. On the grounds that peace was not sufficiently assured by the Pouilly meeting, a fresh interview was proposed by the Dauphin to take place on September 10, 1419 on the bridge at Montereau. John of Burgundy was present with his escort for what he considered a diplomatic meeting. He was, however, assassinated by the Dauphin's companions. He was later buried in Dijon.

John married Margaret Of BAVARIA in 1385. Margaret (daughter of Count of Hainaut Albert I Duke Of BAVARIA and Margaret Of BRIEG) was born in 1363; died on 23 Jan 1423 in Dijon. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Philip III The Good Duke Of BURGUNDY was born in 1396; died on 15 Jun 1467.
2. Agnes Of BURGUNDY was born in 1407; died in 1476.
3. Anne Of BURGUNDY died on 14 Nov 1432.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: "the Bold"
• Fact: Duke of Burgundy
• Name: Philip Audax
• Birth: 1345
• Death: 1361

Notes:

Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, known as the Bold (Philippe II de Bourgogne, le Hardi in French) (January 15, 1342, Pontoise ? April 27, 1404, Halle), was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg.

He was created Duke of Touraine in 1360, but as a reward for his valor at the Battle of Poitiers, in 1363 this was exchanged for the Duchy of Burgundy which Philip ruled until his death. Between 1380 and 1388 he ruled France with his brothers, Louis I of Anjou and John, Duke of Berry, as co-regents, during the minority of their nephew, Charles VI. He and his brother Berry again took up the regency when Charles shown signs of insanity in 1392, holding it until 1402, when Charles put affairs in the hands of his brother, the Duke of Orleans. Orleans's misrule led to Philip once again being placed in power shortly before his death in 1404.

In 1390, he obtained the County of Charolais, which would later become the title of the heirs of his duchy.

He was the founder of the second and last ducal House of Burgundy. He married Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (1350?1404/5) on June 19, 1369, thereby uniting the rich dominions of Burgundy and Flanders.

Philip married Margaret Of FLANDERS on 19 Jun 1369. Margaret (daughter of Louis II Of FLANDERS and Margaret Of BRABANT) was born in 1350; died in 1405. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Heiress of Flanders