Frederick III Holy Roman EMPEROR

Male 1415 - 1493  (77 years)


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  • Name Frederick III Holy Roman EMPEROR  [1
    Birth 21 Sep 1415  [2
    Gender Male 
    Fact Holy Roman Emperor Find all individuals with events at this location  [2
    Name Frederick III King Of The Germans  [2
    Death 19 Aug 1493  [2
    Notes 
    • Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 ? August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. He was the son of Duke Ernest the Iron from the Leopoldinian line of the Habsburg family ruling Inner Austria, i.e. Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, and of his wife Cymburgis of Masovia. As an Austrian Habsburg Duke, he became Frederick V in 1424, and Frederick IV as Geman king, and then Frederick III with his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor. He married in 1452, at age 37, the 18-year-old Princess Eleonor of Portugal, whose dowry helped him to alleviate his debts and cement his power.

      In 1442, Frederick allied himself with Rudolf St¸ssi, burgomaster of Z¸rich, against the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Old Z¸rich War (Alter Z¸richkrieg).

      In 1446, he entered into the Vienna Concordat with the Holy See, which remained in force until 1806 and regulated the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Holy See.

      Frederick was the last Emperor to be crowned in Rome, being crowned in 1452 by Pope Nicholas V. He opposed the reform of the Holy Roman Empire at that time and was barely able to prevent the electors from electing another king.

      His politics were hardly spectacular but still successful. His first major opponent was his brother Albert VI, who challenged his rule. He did not manage to win a single conflict on the battlefield, and thus resorted to more subtle plans. He held his nephew Ladislaus Posthumus, the ruler of the Archduchy of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, (born in 1440) as a prisoner and attempted to extend his guardianship over him in perpetuity to maintain his control over Lower Austria. Ladislaus was freed in 1452 by the Lower Austrian estates. He acted similarly towards his nephew Sigismund of the Tyrolian line of the Habsburg family. Despite those efforts, he failed to gain control over Hungary and Bohemia, and was even defeated by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus in 1485, who managed to reside in Vienna until his death later that year. Ultimately, Frederick prevailed in all those conflicts by outliving his opponents and sometimes inheriting their lands from, such as in the case of his nephew Ladislaus Posthumus, from whom he gained Lower Austria in 1457, and his brother Albert VI, whom he succeeded in Upper Austria. These conflicts forced him to an anachronistic itinerant existence, as he had to move his court between various places through the years, residing in Graz, Linz and Wiener Neustadt. Wiener Neustadt owes him its castle and the "New Monastery".

      Still, in some ways his policies were astonishingly successful. In the Siege of Neuss, he could force Charles the Bold of Burgundy to give his daughter Mary of Burgundy as wife to Frederick's son Maximilian. With the inheritance of Burgundy, the House of Habsburg began to rise to predominance in Europe. This gave rise to the saying "Let others wage wars, but you, happy Austria, shall marry", which became a motto of the dynasty.

      The marriage of his daughter Kunigunde of Austria to Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria, was another result of intrigues and deception, but rather a defeat for Frederick. Albert had illegally taken control over some imperial fiefs, asked to marry Kunigunde (who lived in Innsbruck, far from her father) and offered the Emperor to give the fiefs to the daughter as a dowry. Frederick agreed, but withdrew his approval when Albert also took control of Regensburg. Before the daughter learned of this, Albert had married her on January 2, 1487. A war could be prevented only by intermediation by the Emperor's son, Maximilian.

      In some smaller issues, Frederick was quite successful: in 1469 he managed to establish bishoprics in Vienna and Wiener Neustadt, in which all previous Dukes of Austria had failed over the centuries.

      Frederick died in a failed attempt to have his left leg amputated. His grave, built by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden, in the Stephansdom in Vienna is one of the most important works of sculptural art of the late middle ages.

      For the last ten years of Frederick's life, he and Maximilian ruled jointly.
    Person ID I21220  Main Tree

    Father Ernest The Iron Duke Of AUSTRIA,   b. 1377, Bruck an der Mur, Styria Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 10 Jun 1424 (Age 47 years) 
    Relationship Natural 
    Mother Cymburgis Of MASOVIA,   b. Between 1394 and 1397, Warsaw Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 28 Sep 1429, Turnitz, Lower Austria Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 35 years) 
    Relationship Natural 
    Family ID F18598  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family Eleonora Of PORTUGAL,   b. 18 Sep 1434   d. 01 Sep 1467 (Age 32 years) 
    Marriage 08 Mar 1452  Naples Find all individuals with events at this location  [2
    Children 
     1. John Archduke Of AUSTRIA,   b. 1466   d. 1467 (Age 1 year)  [Natural]
     2. Kunigunde Of AUSTRIA,   b. 1465   d. 1520 (Age 55 years)  [Natural]
     3. Cristopher Archduke Of AUSTRIA,   b. 1454   d. 1455 (Age 1 year)  [Natural]
     4. Maximilian I Holy Roman EMPEROR,   b. 23 Mar 1459   d. 12 Jan 1519 (Age 59 years)  [Natural]
     5. Helen Archduchess Of AUSTRIA,   b. 1460   d. 1461 (Age 1 year)  [Natural]
    Family ID F07051  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  • Sources 
    1. [S03581] Wikipedia Encyclopedia.

    2. [S01910] Blood Royal, Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England 1066-1399 by. T. Anna Leese.